EC2049 RADAR AND NAVIGATIONAL AIDS

EC2049 RADAR AND NAVIGATIONAL AIDS L T P C

3 0 0 3

UNIT I 9

Introduction to Radar

Basic Radar –The simple form of the Radar Equation- Radar Block Diagram- Radar

Frequencies –Applications of Radar – The Origins of Radar

The Radar Equation

Introduction- Detection of Signals in Noise- Receiver Noise and the Signal-to-Noise

Ratio-Probability Density Functions- Probabilities of Detection and False Alarm-

Integration of Radar Pulses- Radar Cross Section of Targets- Radar cross Section

Fluctuations- Transmitter Power-Pulse Repetition Frequency- Antenna Parameters-

System losses – Other Radar Equation Considerations

UNIT II 9

MTI and Pulse Doppler Radar

Introduction to Doppler and MTI Radar- Delay –Line Cancelers- Staggered Pulse

Repetition Frequencies –Doppler Filter Banks - Digital MTI Processing - Moving Target

Detector - Limitations to MTI Performance - MTI from a Moving Platform (AMIT) - Pulse

Doppler Radar – Other Doppler Radar Topics- Tracking with Radar –Monopulse

Tracking –Conical Scan and Sequential Lobing - Limitations to Tracking Accuracy -

Low-Angle Tracking - Tracking in Range - Other Tracking Radar Topics -Comparison of

Trackers - Automatic Tracking with Surveillance Radars (ADT).

UNIT III 9

Detection of Signals in Noise

Criteria – Detectors –-Automatic Detector - Integrators - Constant-False-Alarm Rate

Receivers - The Radar operator - Signal Management - Propagation Radar Waves -

Atmospheric Refraction -Standard propagation - Nonstandard Propagation - The Radar

Antenna - Reflector Antennas - Electronically Steered Phased Array Antennas - Phase

Shifters - Frequency-Scan Arrays

–Introduction – Matched –Filter Receiver –Detection

Radar Transmitters

Sources - Magnetron - Crossed Field Amplifiers - Other RF Power Sources - Other

aspects of Radar Transmitter.

- Introduction –Linear Beam Power Tubes - Solid State RF Power

Radar Receivers -

Receiver - Duplexers and Receiver Protectors- Radar Displays.

The Radar Receiver - Receiver noise Figure - Superheterodyne

UNIT IV 9

Introduction -

Introduction - Four methods of Navigation .

Radio Direction Finding -

Direction Finder - The Goniometer - Errors in Direction Finding - Adcock Direction

Finders - Direction Finding at Very High Frequencies - Automatic Direction Finders - The

Commutated Aerial Direction Finder - Range and Accuracy of Direction Finders

The Loop Antenna - Loop Input Circuits - An Aural Null

Radio Ranges -

Range(VOR) - VOR Receiving Equipment - Range and Accuracy of VOR - Recent

Developments.

The LF/MF Four course Radio Range - VHF Omni Directional

Hyperbolic Systems of Navigation (Loran and Decca) -

- Range and precision of Standard Loran - Loran-C - The Decca Navigation System -

Decca Receivers - Range and Accuracy of Decca - The Omega System

Loran-A - Loran-A Equipment

UNIT V 9

DME and TACAN -

TACAN Equipment

Distance Measuring Equipment - Operation of DME - TACAN -

Aids to Approach and Landing -

Approach System - Microwave Landing System(MLS)

Instrument Landing System - Ground Controlled

Doppler Navigation -

Equations - Track Stabilization - Doppler Spectrum - Components of the Doppler

Navigation System - Doppler range Equation - Accuracy of Doppler Navigation Systems.

The Doppler Effect - Beam Configurations -Doppler Frequency

Inertial Navigation -

of an Inertial Navigation System - Earth Coordinate Mechanization - Strapped-Down

Systems - Accuracy of Inertial Navigation Systems.

Principles of Operation - Navigation Over the Earth - Components

Satellite Navigation System -

(GPS)

The Transit System - Navstar Global Positioning System

TOTAL= 45 PERIODS

TEXTBOOKS

1. Merrill I. Skolnik ," Introduction to Radar Systems", Tata McGraw-Hill (3

2003.

2. N.S.Nagaraja, Elements of Electronic Navigation Systems, 2

rd Edition)nd Edition, TMH, 2000.

REFERENCES

1. Peyton Z. Peebles:, "Radar Principles", Johnwiley, 2004

2. J.C Toomay, " Principles of Radar", 2nd Edition –PHI, 2004